Torpedo (2020) __HOT__
The allosteric and torpedo models have been used for 30 yr to explain how transcription terminates on protein-coding genes. The former invokes termination via conformational changes in the transcription complex and the latter proposes that degradation of the downstream product of poly(A) signal (PAS) processing is important. Here, we describe a single mechanism incorporating features of both models. We show that termination is completely abolished by rapid elimination of CPSF73, which causes very extensive transcriptional readthrough genome-wide. This is because CPSF73 functions upstream of modifications to the elongation complex and provides an entry site for the XRN2 torpedo. Rapid depletion of XRN2 enriches these events that we show are underpinned by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, the inhibition of which extends readthrough in the absence of XRN2. Our results suggest a combined allosteric/torpedo mechanism, in which PP1-dependent slowing down of polymerases over termination regions facilitates their pursuit/capture by XRN2 following PAS processing.
Torpedo (2020)
The first production torpedo left the BDL factory on 21 November 2020. The Varunastra was developed by Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Navy.
Varunastra is ship launched, heavy weight, electrically-propelled anti-submarine torpedo capable of targeting quiet submarines, both in deep and shallow waters in an intense countermeasures environment. Varunastra can be fired from all ASW ships capable of firing heavy weight torpedoes.
The torpedo is powered by an electric propulsion system with multiple 250 KWs Silver Oxide Zinc (AgOZn) batteries. It has a maximum speed of 40 knots, a range of 21.6 nautical miles and can dive to 400 meters. Like most modern torpedoes, it is wire-guided with active-passive acoustic homing. According to local media reports, it features GPS guidance as well.
The untrained group successfully fight off other attacks from the Kriegsmarine as well as other incidents, including the flooding of the onboard toilet. It is also revealed that Stan was tortured and his wife and baby child were murdered by a Gestapo officer named Kirchbaum (Martin Semmelrogge) after it was revealed that he had hidden a Jewish family in his home, fueling his hatred for the Nazis. However Stan has yet to tell his daughter Nadine (Ella-June Henrard) what has really happened to her mother and baby brother. During the trip, Filip (Joren Seldeslachts) tells Nadine the truth about her family. By that point the group is stopped by a German destroyer. They quickly figure out that the ship's crew don't realise that they are the U-boat that they're looking for, so the group pretends to be German sailors while a boarding party enters the U-boat. Jäger does the talking while the rest of the group stay quiet as to not blow their cover considering they can't speak German. However Van Praag (Gilles De Schryver), who had both his legs amputated after they were crushed under a fallen torpedo, starts yelling out in pain. Prompting one of the members of the boarding party, who's a doctor, to check on him. Van Praag accidentally blows his cover when he yells out in Flemish and in the ensuing struggle, Van Praag alongside all the members of the German boarding party are killed. With Jäger killing the last member, having a change of heart after hearing about the true intent of the U-boat's cargo and debating that Hitler should never get his hands on such a catastrophic weapon. Nadine manages to disable the destroyer with a well-aimed sniper bullet, but can't prevent the ship from ramming the U-boat.[5]
In the quickly flooding U-boat, the group is split in half. With half the group trapped in the bow, while the other half is trapped in the stern as the U-boat sinks to the seabed. Tamme (Stefan Perceval) drowns as he is unable to evacuate after his wristwatch got caught under some pipes underwater. Nadine is also unable to get to safety in time, being trapped in a slowly filling compartment with the stern door blocked by a fallen pipe. Stan uses the torpedo tubes to escape the U-boat and swims towards the compartment where his daughter is trapped. He moves the pipe, unlocking the stern door and manages to resuscitate Nadine after she had initially drowned when the compartment had fully flooded. Jäger sacrifices himself by swimming to the flooded command deck of the U-boat and raising the submarine, clutching a picture of his son on which Klisse (Sven De Ridder) had drawn a Hitler moustache, as he drowns. While the U-boat ascends, Stan dies from an injury he sustained when the U-boat first went down. The surviving members of the mission are then seen relaxing on a beach in the US, where a radio broadcast announces the surrender of Japan following the use of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, marking the end of the Second World War.[5]
SAIC is building the torpedo assemblies with about 25 production workers at its facility in Bedford, Indiana, located adjacent to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, The final assembly and testing of the torpedoes is conducted by the NUWC Keyport.
Torpedo maculopathy is a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defect, typically in the temporal macula with a characteristic pointed, "torpedo" shape with one tip pointing toward the macula [1] (Figure 1). Several theories have been offered as to the etiology, including an RPE nevus, a developmental defect in the "fetal temporal bulge" (a developmental structure present during gestation), or failure of the RPE to close overlying the region near the emissary canal of the long posterior ciliary artery and nerve [1,2].
The wire-guided torpedo is equipped with passive and active sonar and possesses wake-homing capabilities. According to LIG Nex1, the conformal transducer arrays have more than +/-100 horizontal detection angle and about +/- 20 vertical detection capabilities. Navigational data is provided by a fibre-optic inertial navigation system (INS).
The torpedo is designed for standard 553 mm tubes, has a length of 7.1 m, and a weight of 1.7 tonnes. The torpedo is armed with 260 kg of plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) warhead with magnetic influence and contact fuses.
The first successful torpedo program by the U.S. Navy began in 1870. Lieutenant Commander John A. Howell created a torpedo that was driven by a 132-pound flywheel that spun to 10,000 revolutions per minute. A steam turbine housed on the torpedo tube spun the flywheel before it launched. The Navy produced about 50 of the Howell torpedoes for tactical use. Eventually, the U.S. would go to the Whitehead and Bliss-Leavitt torpedoes that would make up the U.S. arsenal until 1910. The Whitehead Mk 5 could go about 4,000 yards at speeds up to 27 knots.
From 1910 to 1915, the torpedo detonator saw many modifications. Before the modifications, torpedoes would have to strike a direct hit to explode, but the improved detonators could explode from any direction or even a glancing blow to a hull. Torpedo development was minimal during World War I. The Mk 7 was the first steam-driven torpedo that could be fired from both destroyers and submarines.
The post-World War I/pre-World War II era defined the modern torpedo. The first American airdrop torpedo test occurred in 1920. The Mk 13, the aircraft launched torpedo, was 13- feet long, had a range of 7,000 yards, and could get up to a speed of about 30 knots. The Mk 14 torpedo was deployed from submarines. That type of torpedo was responsible for sinking more than four million tons of Japanese shipping during World War II. The Mk 15 torpedo that was on destroyers had an 825-pound warhead and remained in service until the 1950s.
Singer Torpedo Designed for H.L. Hunley. Drawing of a spar-mounted torpedo designed by Singer for use on the submarine H.L. Hunley taken from the papers of Quincy Adams Gallimore, a Union general and engineer who had access to Confederate military papers in Charleston after the city's surrender. The heading claims it is the one used to sink USS Housatonic. From the National Archives and Records Administration.
Mark XVIII-2 electric torpedo after body of the torpedo, photographed at the Newport Torpedo Station, Rhode Island, 14 September 1945. Photo has apparently been censored. Naval History and Heritage Command photograph, NH 88447.
Engraving by A. Stachic, published in "Naval Battles of America", by E. Shippen. It depicts the successful spar torpedo attack by Lieutenant William B. Cushing and his crew on the Confederate ironclad Albemarle, at Plymouth, North Carolina, 27 October 1864. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph, NH 42220.
Lay-Haight torpedo photographed March 1894. Torpedo was driven on the surface by carbonic acid gas carried in a liquid state. Steering depended upon an electric current, which was sent over a cable laid out by the torpedo. Naval History and Heritage Command photograph, NH 82829.
Torpedo in 18-inch torpedo tube aboard a U.S. Navy torpedo boat, circa 1905. Photo from postcard. Photograph by Waldon Fawcett, Washington, DC. Naval History and Heritage Command photograph, NH 85770.
Bliss-Leavitt Torpedo Mark 3, 1911. A turbine driven torpedo, designed by M.F.M. Leavitt, an engineer at E.W. Bliss Co. Alcohol was mixed with super-heated compressed air to provide motive power for turbine. Navy adopted this torpedo circa 1904 and used various models of it for the next 22 years. Naval History and Heritage Command photograph, NH 82836.
Dock-mounted twin torpedo tube test fires a torpedo (possibly fitment shape shot using an Mk 15 Shape) during World War II at the Naval Torpedo Station, Alexandria, Virginia, or at the Naval Torpedo Test Range, Piney Point, Maryland. Note that one tube is longer than the other. Also, note sight at left. Naval History and Heritage Command photograph, NH 94119.
A torpedo retriever boat crew recovers mine/torpedo Mk. 24 (nicknamed Fido in World War II service), 14 June 1950. The Mk 24 was the Navy's first anti-submarine homing torpedo, and entered service during World War II. National Archives photograph, 80-G-427780. 041b061a72